Mammut PULSE Barryvox Manuel d'utilisateur télécharger pdf (Page 28)

4948

Introduction to Avalanche Theory

8.3.2 Minimize Stress on the Snowpack

Adequate spacing is an effective method to minimize

stress on the snowpack. Ascending, the spacing

should be approximately 10 meters; descending

approximately 30 – 50 meters, due to the additional

stress. Danger zones should be traveled one person

at a time. Minimize the stress on the snowpack by

making long turns. Avoid jumping!

8.3.3 Renunciation in the Terrain

(Basic Reduction Method, W. Munter)

Danger Level Skiable/ridable slope angle

2-Moderate less than 40 degrees

3-Considerable less than 35 degrees

4-High less than 30 degrees

●

Untracked steep slopes (> 30 degrees):

➜

spacing of at least 10 m.

●

Outside of the forecasted aspect or altitude

ranges:

➜

the danger level is generally one level lower.

●

At the edge of the forecasted aspect or altitude

ranges:

➜

Do not approach the limits

8.4 Avalanche Forecast Centers

It is impossible to publish a list of all the avalanche

forecast centers in this user manual.

Current information about all the avalanche forecast

centers worldwide can be found at the CyberSpace

Avalanche Center website at http://www.csac.org

Example:

black

Considerable

→ white

≈

Moderate

81 m

8.5 International Avalanche Danger Scale

Danger Level Snowpack Typical Indications Tours

쐃 Snowpack None. Generally favorable

LOW generally well conditions.

bonded.

쐇 On some steep Difficult Generally favorable conditions.

MODERATE slopes snowpack to recognize. Careful choice of route on steep

only moderately slopes of aspect and altitude

bonded. No alarm signals. as given in the avalanche forecast.

쐋 On many steep «Whumphing» noises. Partly unfavorable conditions.

CONSIDER- slopes medium Some spontaneous ava- Experience in assessing avalanche

ABLE to poor snowpack. lanches. Remote triggering risk required. Wherever possible avoid

bonding only. at the foot of slopes. steep slopes of aspect and altitude

as given in the avalanche forecast.

쐏 Poor bonding Spontaneous Unfavorable conditions.

HIGH of snowpack avalanches. Tours only in moderately steep

on most steep Remote triggering. terrain < 30º. Be aware

slopes. of avalanche runout zones.

쐄 Generally poor Spontaneous avalanches Very unfavorable conditions.

EXTREME bonding of snowpack, avalanches and remote Refrain from tours.

mostly unstable. triggering on a large scale.

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